英语句子成分分析

你的翻译是正确的。但是原文中but应该删除。
any man 主语
doth... doubt谓语
that 引导的整个从句为宾语从句。
if there were taken out of men’s minds vain opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one world, and the like,条件状语从句，该句主谓倒装，其中主语是vain opinions, flattering ... and the like, 谓语是were taken ，状语是there, out of men’s minds

在宾语从句中，it would leave the minds of a number of men poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, and unpleasing to themselves是其主句，其中主语是it,谓语是leave

间接宾语是 the minds of a number of men，直接宾语是poor shrunken things, and unpleasing to themselves。

而插入成分full of melancholy and indisposition, 则是定语，修饰poor shrunken things

百度教育团队【海纳百川团】我牛爆了？

学好从句之前学好句子的成分很重要。

doth 是does的古英语形式。整个长句就是一个一般疑问句。主语：any man ，谓语：doubt ， 宾语是that之后的整个宾语从句。that从句又分为两个小句。第一句： if there（主语）， were taken out of （谓语动词），men’s minds vain opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one world, and the like （宾语）。第二句： it （主语），would leave（谓语动词）， the minds of a number of men（宾语） poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, and unpleasing to themselves（宾语补语）。